Most FE formulations are derived using generalised energy or variational formulation rather than a direct equilibrium approach based on the equilibrium of forces.


Advantages:

  • more general than equilibrium approaches and cover wider range of problems
  • can be easily adapted to incorporate different types of elements and dimensionalities
  • quatities used are scalar, such as energy and potentials
  • provide better understanding of the accuracy and degree of approximation in the final solutions



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